My Golden Fleece

Bought my guitar!

2011-06-26T08:59:00.000-07:00

Back again after a long time. I just bought a Takamine EG440C electro-acoustic guitar. From my first trial it is definitely a great guitar. But I just realized that I forgot most of the guitar part that I learnt long ago. I am yet to inform my parents about my guitar. I wanted to keep it a surprise for them when they come here down to Singapore for my graduation ceremony next month. And more about the guitar, its a NEX cutaway black guitar. I specifically preferred my guitar to be in black. It has TP-4T electronics, the inbuilt tuner is mostly accurate and will really be helpful if you are new to guitar. Its sounded really great when connected to amp. But I do not have an amp, the opinion comes just out of my few minutes testing in the shop. And lastly it costs SGD 425, I got mine from Davis Guitar. If you are new to guitar, you do not need to worry, the staff in Davis guitar are very helpful. They will definitely help you choose a guitar that you'll like. If you wanna try out lots of song, just go to ultimate-guitar.com and get the tabs. They have tabs for everything. I use TUX guitar (a open source guitar tab reader) and mostly download guitar pro or some other version of guitar tabs. As for what I have seen TUX guitar is able to open most of the formats.

Enjoy playing guitar! but sometimes it really tests my patience. :) Anyway that is what guitar is all about!!!

One cup rice, and a plate full of chicken!

2011-04-17T08:37:00.000-07:00

Today after church I rushed back home to go to my friends house for lunch. Its a post engagement function. Anyway, I have never had such a lunch in Singapore before. Its night 11:30 now and I still taste of the chicken is in my mouth, it was finger licking good! unfortunately it will not be decent to do that in crowd... :P Woah what a lunch, I just started off with a two fried leg pieces, some chicken poriyal, few pieces of curry chicken, an egg, and quite a few pieces thrown around in the chicken biriyani itself. At a point of time I felt that I am eating rice as side dish for rice. My plate was full of chicken.... Out of greed I went for more chicken, two more fried leg pieces, some curry chicken and chicken poriyal all over again... with a plate full of rice this time. Only after completing it I realized I have eaten too much more than what my body can take. My entire body started to pain, and stomach don't need to ask... I wobbled back home, and lay down to take rest. When I got up in the evening I really felt like my several months workout has just gone waste in one day.... :) anyway its just one day.. doesn't matter. I may not get this another day....hahah Thanks to my friend...! :)

India won the world cup..!

2011-04-03T09:18:00.000-07:00

World knows India won world cup. ok, I am not a great fan of cricket, but when I heard that India lifted the world cup after 28 years, an unprecedented happiness, kind of wow feeling, and you know the happiness in sharing the greatness of our country to other country men. I experienced it today... I shared about the fantastic game India played against all the biggies to finally lift the cup, to all my friends here. Well done Dhoni and men.

"As I always say it's not about the result, you can't control the result. What you can control is how you are preparing, and if you are preparing well and if it's your day, you can get big runs and make your team win. No point thinking about what milestone you are supposed to achieve,"
-- Dhoni.

Are we living the google way..!

2011-03-31T08:20:00.000-07:00

This is something that provoked me to write this blog. Today I was in office working on some crazy issue, when I got a text message saying one of my friend is not feeling well. My immediate action was to open Firefox, goto google.com and search for get well messages. After a moment I thought, What am I doing? can I not even think of a get well message, should I google even for that... that was the most dumbest thing to do. I do not know if I've become so lazy, or I am over using google. I am not a luddite. But the problem here is we are influenced so much that we forget even the word search and often mention "google for it", we fail to think even for some basic stuff, even if we burp and yawn we tweet, we slip and google "why did I fall", using GPS even to locate where we are now rather than asking the guy standing next to us, do all the above and finally realize something's wrong and write a blog about it... :P My point is use technology as much as you want. But remember to limit it to an extent where you feel it will interfere in your thinking process, or your day-to-day living. To limit it, first we need to think before using it and know where and when to use it. :)

Let's make this world a global village..!

The 10,000 hour rule..!

2011-02-17T07:10:00.000-08:00

I used to travel around 2 hours a day in train and bus combined to and from my office. For long I was thinking about doing something useful in this time. So I thought I could read some books rather than sleeping or bird watching... heehe. I was wandering around in Jurong point that weekend, when i accidentally bumped into Harris. As I was going through the books in promotion I came across "Outliers". I remember this title was first mentioned in one of the sermons by Pst. Kong Hee and decided to give it a try. Started with the first page on Monday morning, when I came back home that evening I completed almost 100 pages. Wow, Outliers was really impressive. Malcolm Gladwell has done a lot of research to come up with the book and moreover it was articulated very well. It was one of the finest books I read. Following this I read, "The Tipping point", it was not that great, "The leader who had no title" was a good book, and now reading "How the mighty fall". "Out of the Harbour" in the queue. Only "How the mighty fall" was comparable to "Outliers". Jim Collins has done an excellent job in "How the mighty fall". The best thing about Outliers is the examples for the 10,000 hours rule he has given. The basic thing is, anyone to become to become world famous for something he should have done it 10,000 hours. The examples range from Bill gates, Bill joy, The Beatles and the best examples I like is Mozart. Usually, when we talk about Mozart everyone will say that he was a prodigy. But Malcolm Gladwell in his research has proved that though Mozart began composing in the age of 6 when he became world famous he was in his early twenties, and by that time he already had 10,000 hours of exp in composing. The stats are really impressive. I'm sure you'll like it. Will write about "How the might fall" when I complete it.

Ubuntu 9.10 problem in Grub

2011-02-16T18:36:00.000-08:00

Hi all, I updated to Ubuntu 9.10 yesterday, Ubuntu has something thats little annoying when we upgrade the kernel. It saves all the kernel, filesystem and other components as .old and then downloads the new kernel without deleting it when we restart the system. We have to remove it manually. And also I wanted to change my default OS to windows. I searched for /boot/Grub/menu.lst. To my surprise I couldn't find it. I still did not find out how Grub works now. But thought of writing down, how I managed to do what I needed.

1. To change default OS, I used startup manager.
2. This will not be available as default.
3. To install this type in this command:
sudo apt-get install startupmanager
4. It will download and install.
5. After that goto system->Administration->startup manager
6. Change the default OS there. you can also change the timeout of Grub, resolution and a couple of other things.
7. And yeah its done.

For the second thing: just go to /boot folder and you will find the components of the old kernel. For example if your old kernel is 2.6.33.19 and youe new kernel is 2.6.33.22. You will have two sets of components with these two extensions. Just delete all the components with the numbering 2.6.33.19. Be very careful when doing this. Do not delete the working kernel. If you do not know don't do it. Here are the steps to do it.

1. Sudo -s --- to login as root, give your password when it asks.
2. cd /boot
3. rm Component_to_be_deleted_1 Component_to_be_deleted_2
or
3. rm *2.6.33.19* -- be careful while using this command and your extensions. I will suggest to use this only if you are experienced with the rm command. Since you are in root, you will not be prompted while deleting if you are not using the interactive option of rm. So once deleted we cannot bring it back.
4. Once this step is over its done. Now when you restart you will not see your old kernel. Only the new updated kernel will be available.

Enjoy using Ubuntu.

Lotus notes - the worst mail client

2011-02-16T18:10:00.000-08:00

Hey, I was very frustrated when I wrote this blog. We use lotus notes in office as mail client. The software is a piece of crap. It takes 5 minutes to load completely on a quadcore machine, and most of the times end up failing to load the mails. I think IBM should get down and do something about it or stop promoting this product. It has so many unnecessary features, but cannot do the basic job of loading mails properly, showing notification in the systems tool bar when a new mail is received and alarms for meeting. Everything has to be done with so much pains and difficulty. And crap mail client will do these basic functionalities properly. To make matters worst it hangs every other application that is opened. I think IBM should take this seriously and get it done properly. Else I'll say IBM is staking it reputation on a piece of crappy software.

Explanation for a driver..!

2011-02-13T08:09:00.000-08:00

Hey I am back. Don't assume from the title that I am going to talk about bus or cab drivers. Its about device drivers. It was few days back, we found a problem in our code. The logical layer was giving a wrong call to the physical layer (device driver). Since I wrote the driver layer, I was a bit annoyed. After working on it for very around 4 hours, it came to my mind: Why not make the layer a bit intelligent to know call its answering. Since I am not the sole owner of the module, I've got to discuss it with the other mate to come to the conclusion. I went to him and proposed the solution. He gave me a simple reply. Suppose someone is knocking my door, I will of course open the door and say hello. If the person knocking is an bad guy, he will give me a blow. By then damage is already is done. I stood there for a while wondering what he is talking about. I was like: dude what am I talking about and what reply is this? but he continued, this is what happens to software. Driver is passive, if someone knocks it will say hello. If its a wrong call driver can to absolutely nothing about it. The software has already failed. Which means the logical layer should be more intelligent enough to handle wrong calls. Good analogy, isn't it... :P

Oh, I know its doesn't make anyone laugh. But its actually the timing of his reply that made me laugh. I was certainly in deep thoughts how to make it work. A sudden deep analogy like this provoked me to laugh. I think the reader should be in the situation to actually appreciate the analogy and my reason for laughter.

Meeting the author..!

2011-02-12T08:56:00.000-08:00

I forgot to share about the day I went to "Doulos", a Greek name that roughly translates to "Servant" in English. My friend Zorigt (Ex-Douloite) has often told me stories about how a 94 year old ship survives in vast oceans. Ok now don't think I am little dumb, not to understand how big the ocean is. But for a guy who has never sailed before on open ocean but has just seen huge ships, its little difficult to surmise that haunting vastness and endlessness from what I have seen. I was thinking like such a big ship what so exciting about surviving in waters. But it has never stroke my mind how even a mighty ship is just a speck in the vastness of the oceans. One day he showed me videos of Doulos in rough sea, the big waves throwing her up and down. Man I had butterflies in my stomach. This is madness. Why would anyone leave their home and and do things like this to make life miserable. Though I had thought about this question before, I never had a concrete answer. You know, this world with a population of 6.7 billion whatever we do, or however great we are, not many will know our names. We are still one among the 6.7 billion. There are many in this world to say most of them will not know even Einstein and Thomas Edison. These are people who changed the way we live now. What have we done to stay in peoples heart. Nothing. So whatever we do no one is going to remember us. At the most they will keep a statue at one end of the world, still the other end will never even know there is a statue existing in some part of the earth symbolizing the work what we did in Earth. So then whats the point spending so many days working hard and earning and toiling, getting PhD's and doing research work here in earth. There is no point. Actually I was stuck here. As I am writing this I remember my roommate back in Cochin (Name not published due to copyright issues, he will kick me if I give it here) and I had a argument over this issue long back. He once asked me what would you want the most. Everyone should remember me. He told me this long back "Dude, whatever we do no one will remember us, our names will erode away in the fast moving world". So finally the point is I still don't have large part of the answer for this question.

I met few people today who had asked this question and found an answer for themselves. The Ex-Douloites. There is absolutely no necessary to come to ship and make their lives miserable. But they do this for people. For people who lack on knowledge not because they cannot learn, but because their situation do not allow them, for people who lack hope, for people who need help, who needs someone to support them. To bring knowledge, hope and help. I found them very happy, very fulfilled with what they are doing. And for the first time I saw one such person who has pen down all her thoughts, emotions and happenings in the ship "Doulos". I attended the book release function of "Out of the Harbour". Its about the authors decision to go on ship, and all about the ships mission written over a period of 6 years. Check this: http://www.outoftheharbour.com/

Oh I forgot to say about Doulos and her fame. She was the oldest ocean-going ship in the world and has her name in Guinness book of records. Built in the year 1914 just two years younger to the great "Titanic". She is now anchored in S'pore. I got the rare opportunity to visit her. My heart felt thanks to Zorigt for that. She is very old now. She looks beautiful from outside, but little bit worn out from the inside. And no occupants makes it very sad to see. Was very touching to be aboard her who has served so many people around the globe. I am sure Zorigt had a nostalgic moment during our visit to Doulos. Below are pictures of Doulos.

P S. To know more about Doulos you can check out this link http://www.ssmaritime.net/ "A ship like no other" written by Reubens Goosens, complete history of MV Doulos.

To know about OM ships international and their work check out http://www.omships.org/. As an info, Logos Hope of OM is still sailing, serving like Doulos did before.

And BTW, I still don't have a concrete answer for my question. :P

Back again with my latest FAD!!!

2010-12-07T07:11:00.000-08:00

I think I forgot blogger for a while... ok let me tell you the excitement that brought me in to write this blog. Its India.... :) After spending painful 5 months I will be back in India for 10 days in the month of Dec to celebrate Christmas. And almost after 3 months I visited NTU last weekend. An exciting week. Felt nostalgic, graduate hall, , my room #B1-01, can. 11 vida stall, the old Uncle there.... :) everything has become history now. Its more that a year since I came to Singapore, feels like it was yesterday that I landed here.... Thanks to NTU for giving me this memorable and comfortable stay during my studies here in S'pore. It really hurts when I think I may not pass that way again.... its gone, its history... but history can never be wiped out, it lingers for ever.... :)

Ok, I was about to press the publish button without telling my latest fad. Its photography, I thought I should do something to cut-loose from the tight schedule now and then. Music (especially guitar) has always done its part to keep me engaged during my leisure time. But I included photography also to the list. I feel its pretty interesting and exciting to bring out pictures as we see in posters and wallpapers.... what if we are able to bring out images that we are able to use as our lappy's wallpaper. That's exactly what I am trying to do. Below are some of the image that I took.

NOTE: None of the faces in the pictures are me. :)

Story of virtual Keyboard

2010-04-01T01:03:00.001-07:00

For the past few days my world is assessments and assessments alone. I was struggling with the virtual keyboard display for entering text in the touch screen interface. Today I surprising got everything working fine. After wasting two day now moving on with other works in the assessment. :)

My first blog from windows live writer

2010-03-31T11:58:00.001-07:00

Hi all, NTU did a favour by transferring our mail-ids to windows live id. So I was trying out something when I was prompted to download this windows live feature, and I found this one interesting among those that were downloaded as part of that win live. Hope it turns out to be good when published. My first trial in writer. :)

Directed Reading completed..!

2010-03-31T07:09:00.000-07:00

Back after a long time. Was totally tied up with loads of work. Today I dropped my directed reading paper to the digital drop box, which means one subject is over for this semester. Was really happy when my prof. nodded his head with yes, when I asked is it good enough for the final submission. I will upload it online when the assessments are over. It basically on scheduling algorithms for real-time systems, a survey and complete coverage of most of the famous scheduling algorithms being used in modern RTOS's which included many research based algos too. One part where I was not satisfied was multiprocessor scheduling, here I was not able to collect much information and moreover I was not able to understand a few algorithms, many of which are still under scrutiny for performance though it came out long back. Nothing much in the paper other than just a summarization of all these algorithms like RM, EDF, PIP, PCP, RM-PIP, DM, Round Robin, FIFO, multiprocessor RM, EDF, finally it touches the RTOS that use some of these algorithms. QNX, LINUX device drivers and MIPS processor enhancement is still pending.... still tonnes of work to be done for this semester.

Stupid recruitment process in Indian public sectors

2010-02-26T21:03:00.000-08:00

Hi, back again after a long break. If you do not know, let me tell you this first, its just a few month away for my final exams in masters. I will be graduating in the month of July. Few weeks back we had a career fair in NTU. I am sure it was just an eye wash. I heard the main recruitment process will start somewhere in the month of May. In the career fair I came across a lot of companies that were asking only for Singaporeans and PR. Most of them that offered jobs, that I was interested in, were government sectors and defense. Yeah! I was pretty sure I will not be in there for security reasons. That day I started browsing through Indian public sectors and defense companies. I desperately wanted to do something in there for them. To my surprise I saw none of the companies had direct recruitment. They had exams, syllabus of which covered all the engineering subjects. It was ridiculous. I am doing my masters in Embedded Systems, and I am sure I can do some break through work for my country in the field I am working in, but I don't want to sit and study all those B. E stuff once again just for this exam sake. And I feel its really stupid to take-in people like that, if you give it a second thought, anyone who is crazy, and passionate about the work he is doing will he be ever interested in just licking around all the Engg. subjects just for the sake of these bloody exams. If people want to master something, this means they are never willing to look back to other subject that they have left behind long back. Why don't these public sectors and defense sectors of ours understand this. I desperately wanted to do something for country and in the technology that I am working in. Yeah! I know people will say its about salary that guys do not turn up to India after their MS. But after contemplating for hours I understood who would ever come back to study all those thing that they left behind because they did not want to work on it again, and over all this there this funny thing called corruption in India. I know guys who got into public sectors only through money. You know what, I had a good job with a handsome package in India, the only reason for me to leave for MS was to do some niche work in the field that I am interested in, and I preferred to do that rather than licking around all subjects and be a jack of all trades, if it is for money I would have stayed there with parents, family and friends and enjoyed there rather than being here oceans away from them. I believe we have to master something, something!!!! and try bring something to the table for humanity (I preferred my country men). But what is the point, now I understand there is no point in scolding IITians for leaving the country with out any value-addition though they earn a lot for economy of the country via foreign ex. These guys I am sure most of them will be geeks, they will have the passion for technology, they cannot tolerate working on other thing that does not interest them, and they cannot do what they want in India in this situation. I believe one of the main reasons for development of the country depends on its investment on research. We literally have nothing like that in public sectors and defence, everything is delayed, corrupted or overall collapse in plans. Yeah this is what we get. I am sure this will trigger things like what about coming back to India and starting a company of our own and all nonsense. And please do not tell me get into private sector biggies... I know that is always opened for us and they will be offering packages at no time reachable if u are in public sectors (except via corruption).... Can a person not think of getting into some already available public resources and try doing something for the betterment of country like India, it has the potential but to a large extent left non-utilized??? this is the question I have in mind.

Finally took ISM and dropped a subject..!

2010-01-21T01:31:00.000-08:00

Hmmm, yesterday was a great day. The day when I decided to drop a subject and take an Independent Study Module (ISM). In my department there in an option wherein I can drop a subject and take some topic as ISM under a professor's guidance and do a paper work on that. Rather than studying things that I'm not interested in and then keep grunting for the entire semester, I thought of taking a topic that I am really interested in and do some research work on it. It will be a good show-up to my resume too. Generally guys tend to take a subject and finish it off somehow. But problem is, subject that I was deeply interested in was considered trivial in my course, but I thought otherwise. I always had a strong inclination to real-time systems. I thought the strength of embedded systems is real-time systems. So if I could ever claim that I am interested in something, I should have done some remarkable work or atleast something more on that than what others have done. So I came to that decision. I was petrified to take ISM first for the feedback that I got about ISM, but I felt the only way to ensure that I have done considerable work on this field is to do this. So once and for all, good or bad, I have done it, I dropped one course that night and registered for ISM. Tomorrow is my first meet with professor regarding ISM, hope everything goes on well and he accepts the title that I thought of proposing to him related to that. Only God knows whether it is a good decision or not. But what God has said is "As a man thinketh in his heart, so is he".......!

Back to reality

2010-01-12T00:02:00.000-08:00

After a sojourn of 15 days in home I had to start back to S'pore. I forced myself reluctantly to do so for I had no option. In my heart, I was really wanted somebody to tell me to stay back, but no one did.. :) At the end it was my choice to do my higher studies in a foreign land and I cannot say no in-between... I boarded rockfort (ppl travelling from try-chn often will know how famous this train is), and reached my sisters house. The same day I met my uncle, aunt and their children, had a nice time with them. It was Thursday, the day that I was fearing should never come, for the past 15 days, I was getting ready to board my flight to Singapore. I bid good bye to my dad, sister (She was there in airport despite her illness, loving and caring sis), bil and my mom (via mobile), and proceeded to the check-in counter. Fortunately this time I got the emergency seat, so I had enough room for legs (ppl who have traveled in Tiger airways will know how crumpled the seats are), easily one can get stranded between the seats, especially a big guy like me. I heard the captain saying, welcome aboard the Tiger airways flight TR369 (Welcome aboard the black pearl -- Barbosa invites Ms. Swann in POC 1), I laughed to myself. The next announcement I remember was we are ready to decent in the S'pore intl airport (Changi airport), I had just got up after a deep sleep. After alighting the first work I did was to call my mom and inform her that I touched down in Singapore. Then once again MRT, SMRT, NTU, etc.... back again to the same life. I miss home. :(

Yesterday my mom called me, and she said in a sad low voice, I would really feel happy if you finish the course and come back to India to work. You know, I said this and that to her, loan, bond, and all, but deep down my heart I was happy, man I was damn happy to hear that from my mom, I was badly wanting for somebody to say these words. Though nobody knows what tomorrows surprises may bring into my life, those words gave me comfort and joy in a world of loneliness, discouragement and constant dis-appointment.

India again..!

2010-01-11T23:33:00.001-08:00

Many days after my exams got over I was here in S’pore in the name of doing project work, often bidding good bye to my friends flying to India for vacation. And today it was my day. Yes, I am flying to India to celebrate Christmas and New Year with mom, dad and sister (only if she travels down to Trichy)…. After almost 4 hours of flying I heard from the captain announcing the descent in Chennai airport. My heart was leaping with joy to see my dad, sister and brother-in-law (thereafter mentioned as “bil”) who were awaiting my arrival in airport. As I walked out after collecting my luggage I saw my bil’s hand waving out for me! I met them all and made our way to my sister’s house. Wow, there I had a feast, I had chicken, goat and a few fishes killed and served for me…. Hahahahha

Next day as per plan I came here to Trichy, the happiness and freedom I feel in Trichy I will never get anywhere else, wherever it may be. I reached early in the morning, hugged my mom, had tea and slept for atleast 10 hours that day. Then yummy mom food served hot and with love, affection and care of my mom. J

The funniest part is it took me 4 months to bring down my weight by 6 kgs and its just 10 days in home, I have added up 4 kgs… J and 5 more days to go… expecting 2 more to fill the gap…….. :)

How I struggled with my Wi-Fi adapter (Intel (R) WiFi Link 5100 AGN)..!

2009-12-16T22:12:00.000-08:00

This was a peculiar problem I found in laptop. LAN was working fine but when I enter into any place which is WiFi enabled, my laptop stops working. The WiFi adapter gets disabled automatically. Man I was struggling with it for many days... to make things worse, when this happens even msword and acrobat reader wont open. If I try to enable WiFi adapter windows was hanging. Only way was to restart it and not to open my laptop in a place that is WiFi enabled. But that does not serve the purpose of carrying a laptop that is WiFi enabled. So I started checking for solutions. I took my laptop to a WiFi enabled place, made my windows crash, then restarted it. In vista one amazing thing that I saw was when windows is not done a normal shut down, when it resumes it checks for the problem that led to an abrupt shutdown. It was checking for solutions automatically online and came up with a pop-up that my WiFi driver is not up-to-date. So it gave the update link from Intel's website and after installing the update everything was normal. Now I am typing this from college library where the only source of internet is WiFi.... :)

May be sometime later I will upload the driver with the WiFi adapter model (Intel(R) WiFi Link 5100 AGN) in some site, so that the users who have the same problem that I faced can find their solutions easily.

Ask me how to make stupid decisions..!

2009-12-09T01:53:00.000-08:00

Project is a very important part of the masters in any college. In my college it is like we have to select a project at the beginning of the course. I know very well that I am interested in programming and software for embedded systems. But when I selected my project the only thing that I had in mind was that I should complete my project within a year. I forgot the fact that master's is for mastering a subject in which one is interested in, I forgot the fact that here it is not about how fast we finish off the course but it is about how much we learnt from the course. I took a project which I thought I will complete it very fast, and which I did not have much idea about, I really appreciate the university for putting up such projects in the index which was not at all related to my course. And now I am struggling to cope up with the needs of the project. After so many bad decisions I landed up here in NTU and now once again a stupid decision. Only God can save me..... :(

Menu Driven program in 8051 (DS5000 microcontroller)

2009-11-12T04:10:00.001-08:00

This is the menu driven code. This has all the features integrated except the IDLE mode for SPI counter. Those who want this code can make this enhancement and make it work.

;----------------------------------------------------------------------

; m a i n p r o g r a m

; ----------------------------------------------------------------------

#include ; 8051 SFR and ports are defined here

STACK equ 40h ; Stack pointer starting address(growing upward)

TAR equ 0c7h ; Time access register

ENABLE bit P2.0 ; Taking port 2.1 in enable

DATAIN bit P2.2 ; Taking port 2.3 in data

CLK bit P2.1 ; Taking port 2.2 in clock

PB_INT0 bit P3.2 ; push button port

LED_GREEN bit P1.0

LED_RED bit P1.1

UP_DWN_SW bit P3.4

bseg

data_txn: dbit 1 ; This is to check whether one second is reached

dwn_counter: dbit 1

one_sec: dbit 1

led_blink_flag: dbit 1

ext_intr1_flag: dbit 1

but_up_dwn_mode: dbit 1

cont_up_dwn_mode: dbit 1

one_time_disp_flag: dbit 1

dwn_ctr_flag: dbit 1

up_ctr_flag: dbit 1

from_rst_on: dbit 1

end

dseg at 30h ;

SAVESP: ds 1 ; non-volatile byte for saving stack pointer

end

iseg at 60h

rxbuf: DS 3 (0x00) ; reserves 3 bytes in the iseg and initializes it to zero

inc_ptr: ds 1 ; this is to maintain the value of the number of line

sub_menu_ptr: ds 1 ; This holds the value for the sub menu count

end

; ---- Start execution at 0000h after reset/power-up ------------------------

cseg at 0 ; absolute code segment starting at 0000h

ajmp Start ; reset vector - first instruction is to jump to user program

cseg at 0bh

ljmp timer_isr

cseg at 13h

ljmp ext_interrupt1

cseg at 23h

ljmp serial_isr

; ----- Start of user program --------------------------------------------

cseg at 0100h ; absolute code segment starting at 0030h

dec_1: db "*********************************************************************"

msg: db "* WELCOME *"

dec_2: db "*********************************************************************"

menu: db "MENU"

sub_menu: db "SUB-MENU"

item_1: db "1. Button press up/down count"

item_2: db "2. Continuous up/down count"

sub_item_1: db "1. Up"

sub_item_2: db "2. Down"

sub_item_3: db "3. Power down mode"

sub_item_4: db "4. MAIN MENU"

cnt_msg: db "CURRENT COUNT IS: "

stop_md_msg: db "In Suspend Mode"

arrow: db "->"

Start:

; This part is for power management

mov a, PCON

anl a, #40h

cjne a, #40h, its_power_on_rst

clr LED_RED

clr LED_GREEN

mov SP, SAVESP

pop PSW

mov acc, #00h

pop acc

mov R2, acc

mov acc, #00h

pop acc

mov R1, acc

pop P1

mov TAR, #aah

mov TAR, #55h

anl PCON, #00h

ACALL init_timer ; Initialize timer

acall init_serial ; Initialize serial port

acall clear_page

acall move_to_origin

acall disp_sub_menu

mov sub_menu_ptr, #04h

acall clear_rxbuf

setb from_rst_on

ajmp for_rst_button

its_power_on_rst:

mov SP,#STACK ; set up the stack pointer – needed for calling subroutine

mov R1,#00h ; E.g. Display on Bank 1

mov R2,#00h ; E.g. Display on Bank 2

mov R3,#00h ; E.g. Display on Bank 3

ACALL init_timer ; Initialize timer

acall init_serial ; Initialize serial port

acall Disp_7SLED

acall set_background_attr

acall clear_page

acall move_to_origin

acall disp_menu

clr LED_RED

clr LED_GREEN

clr from_rst_on

for_rst_button:

acall Config_7SLED ; call the routine to configure the Configuration Register

clr data_txn

mov inc_ptr, #01h

mov sub_menu_ptr, #04h

setb TR0

setb UP_DWN_SW

clr dwn_counter

clr led_blink_flag

clr one_time_disp_flag

clr up_ctr_flag

clr dwn_ctr_flag

clr ext_intr1_flag

jb from_rst_on, sub_menu_ctrl

;==================================================================================

; THIS IS THE MAIN MENU DISPLAY

;==================================================================================

main_menu_loop:

clr but_up_dwn_mode

clr cont_up_dwn_mode

mov R0, #rxbuf

cjne @R0, #0dh, chk_nxt_key

mov R1, #inc_ptr

cjne @R1, #00h, nxt_cnt_1

setb but_up_dwn_mode

clr cont_up_dwn_mode

ajmp sub_menu_ctrl

nxt_cnt_1:

cjne @R1, #01h, chk_nxt_key

clr but_up_dwn_mode

setb cont_up_dwn_mode

ajmp sub_menu_ctrl

chk_nxt_key:

cjne @R0, #1Bh, main_menu_loop

mov A, R0

inc A

mov R0, A

cjne @R0, #5Bh, main_menu_loop

mov A, R0

inc A

mov R0, A

cjne @R0, #41h, chk_nxt_arrow

mov R1, #inc_ptr

cjne @R1, #00h, goto_move_cur_up

acall clear_rxbuf

ajmp main_menu_loop

goto_move_cur_up:

acall delete_arrow ; this is for deleting the arrow

acall carr_ret_al

acall move_cur_up

mov DPTR, #arrow

mov R7, #02h

acall disp_msg_ht

acall carr_ret_al

mov A, @R1

dec A

mov @R1, A

acall clear_rxbuf

ajmp main_menu_loop

chk_nxt_arrow:

cjne @R0, #42h, main_menu_loop

mov R1, #inc_ptr

cjne @R1, #01h, goto_move_cur_dwn

acall clear_rxbuf

ajmp main_menu_loop

goto_move_cur_dwn:

acall delete_arrow ; this is for deleting the arrow

acall carr_ret_al

acall move_cur_dwn

mov DPTR, #arrow

mov R7, #02h

acall disp_msg_ht

acall carr_ret_al

mov A, @R1

inc A

mov @R1, A

acall clear_rxbuf

ajmp main_menu_loop

;===========================================================================

; THIS IS THE DISPLAY LOOP FOR THE SUB-LOOP

;===========================================================================

sub_menu_ctrl:

clr from_rst_on

acall clear_page

acall move_to_origin

acall disp_sub_menu

acall clear_rxbuf

mov sub_menu_ptr, #03h

sub_loop:

mov R0, #rxbuf

cjne @R0, #0dh, sub_chk_nxt_key

mov R1, #sub_menu_ptr

cjne @R1, #00h, sub_nxt_cnt_1

setb up_ctr_flag

clr dwn_ctr_flag

ajmp F1

sub_nxt_cnt_1:

cjne @R1, #01h, sub_nxt_cnt_2

clr up_ctr_flag

setb dwn_ctr_flag

ajmp F1

sub_nxt_cnt_2:

cjne @R1, #02h, sub_nxt_cnt_3

;=========================

; here it is going to power down mode

;going_to_power_dwn_mode:

clr ext_intr1_flag

acall clear_hyp_screen

acall disp_stop_mode_msg

push P1

mov acc, #00h

mov acc, R3

push acc

mov acc, #00h

mov acc, R2

push acc

push PSW

mov SAVESP, SP

clr LED_GREEN

clr LED_RED

acall shut_off_disp

mov TAR, #aah

mov TAR, #55h

orl PCON, #42h

setb ext_intr1_flag

sub_nxt_cnt_3:

cjne @R1, #03h, sub_chk_nxt_key

ajmp goto_ret_of_sub_menu

sub_chk_nxt_key:

cjne @R0, #1Bh, sub_loop

mov A, R0

inc A

mov R0, A

cjne @R0, #5Bh, sub_loop

mov A, R0

inc A

mov R0, A

cjne @R0, #41h, sub_chk_nxt_arrow

mov R1, #sub_menu_ptr

cjne @R1, #00h, sub_goto_move_cur_up

acall clear_rxbuf

ajmp sub_loop ; changes to jmp to loop

sub_goto_move_cur_up:

acall delete_arrow ; this is for deleting the arrow

acall carr_ret_al

acall move_cur_up

mov DPTR, #arrow

mov R7, #02h

acall disp_msg_ht

acall carr_ret_al

mov A, @R1

dec A

mov @R1, A

acall clear_rxbuf

ajmp sub_loop ; changes to jump to loop

sub_chk_nxt_arrow:

cjne @R0, #42h, sub_loop ; changes to jump to loop

mov R1, #sub_menu_ptr

cjne @R1, #03h, sub_goto_move_cur_dwn

acall clear_rxbuf

ajmp sub_loop ; changes to jump to loop

sub_goto_move_cur_dwn:

acall delete_arrow ; this is for deleting the arrow

acall carr_ret_al

acall move_cur_dwn

mov DPTR, #arrow

mov R7, #02h

acall disp_msg_ht

acall carr_ret_al

mov A, @R1

inc A

mov @R1, A

acall clear_rxbuf

ajmp sub_loop ; changes to jump to loop

goto_ret_of_sub_menu:

mov sub_menu_ptr, #00h

mov inc_ptr, #01h

clr up_ctr_flag

clr dwn_ctr_flag

acall clear_rxbuf

acall clear_page

acall move_to_origin

acall disp_menu

ajmp main_menu_loop

;============================================================================

; THIS IS THE PART FOR THE COUNTERS IMPL.

;============================================================================

loop: ; display data onto the LEDs

F1:

mov R0, #rxbuf

cjne @R0, #65h, cont_in_this_F1_loop

acall clear_page

acall move_to_origin

acall disp_sub_menu

mov sub_menu_ptr, #03h

acall clear_rxbuf

ajmp sub_menu_ctrl

cont_in_this_F1_loop:

jnb but_up_dwn_mode, check_cont_up_dwn_md

jump_without_dec:

acall Disp_7SLED

mov DPTR, #cnt_msg

mov R7, #12h

acall clear_page

acall move_to_origin

acall disp_msg_ht

acall txn_data

clr C

check_for_cont_sw_simul:

mov R0, #rxbuf

cjne @R0, #65h, cont_with_butn_press_loop

acall clear_page

acall move_to_origin

acall disp_sub_menu

mov sub_menu_ptr, #03h

acall clear_rxbuf

ajmp sub_menu_ctrl

cont_with_butn_press_loop:

jb PB_INT0, check_for_cont_sw_simul

jnb PB_INT0, $

clr LED_GREEN

clr LED_RED

ajmp check_up_or_dwn

check_cont_up_dwn_md:

jnb cont_up_dwn_mode, loop

clr one_sec

acall Disp_7SLED

acall clear_page

acall move_to_origin

mov DPTR, #cnt_msg

mov R7, #12h

acall disp_msg_ht

acall txn_data

clr C

led_blink_counter:

jnb led_blink_flag, set_timer_again

cjne R6, #05h, chk_nxt_1

setb LED_RED

chk_nxt_1:

cjne R6, #0ah, chk_nxt_2

clr LED_RED

setb LED_GREEN

chk_nxt_2:

cjne R6, #0fh, chk_nxt_3

setb LED_RED

chk_nxt_3:

cjne R6, #14h, set_timer_again

clr LED_RED

clr LED_GREEN

set_timer_again:

orl PCON, #01h

jnb one_sec, led_blink_counter

no_intr_cont_with_prog:

check_up_or_dwn: ; this check is to decide whether it is up or down counter

jb up_ctr_flag, up_counter

jb dwn_ctr_flag, down_counter

;---------------------------------------------------------------

; UP COUNTER ;

;---------------------------------------------------------------

up_counter:

cjne R3, #01h, carry_reg_not_set

setb LED_RED

clr LED_GREEN

clr led_blink_flag

ajmp F1

carry_reg_not_set:

setb led_blink_flag

clr C

mov A, R2

inc A

da A

jnc if_no_carry

mov R3, #01h

clr C

mov A, #00h

mov R2, A

ajmp F1

if_no_carry:

mov R2, A

ajmp F1

;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

; DOWN COUNTER ;

;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

down_counter:

setb dwn_counter

;---- to check whether it is in 000

cjne R2, #00h, here

chk_nex_reg: cjne R3, #00h, here

clr LED_GREEN

setb LED_RED

clr led_blink_flag

ajmp F1

;------

here:

here1:

setb led_blink_flag

cjne R3, #01h, chk_for_ovfl

mov R3, #00h

mov R2, #99h

ajmp F1

chk_for_ovfl:

clr C

mov A, R2

dec A

acall dec_adjust

mov R2, A

ajmp F1

ajmp loop

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; THIS PART CONTAINS ALL THE SUB-ROUTINES ;

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;---------------------------------------------------------

; INIT SERIAL PORT ;

;---------------------------------------------------------

init_serial:

clr ES

mov SCON,#70h

;set up SMOD and timer 1 for baud rate generation

clr data_txn

anl PCON,#7fh

mov IE, #10010010B

setb ES

ret

;------- serial port transmit data ---------

txn_data:

not_reached_hun:

mov A, R3

acall cal_ascii_offset

acall transmit

mov A, R2

anl A, #f0h

swap A

acall cal_ascii_offset

acall transmit

mov A, R2

anl A, #0fh

acall cal_ascii_offset

acall transmit

acall carr_return

ret

transmit:

clr TI

mov SBUF, a

jnb TI, $+0

clr TI

ret

cal_ascii_offset:

add A, #30h

ret

carr_return:

mov A, #0dh

acall transmit

ret

disp_msg_ht:

clr A

movc A, @A+DPTR

inc DPTR

acall transmit

djnz R7, disp_msg_ht

ret

clear_hyp_screen:

mov A, #1Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #5Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #32h

acall transmit

mov A, #4Ah

acall transmit

ret

disp_stop_mode_msg:

mov DPTR, #stop_md_msg

mov R7, #0Fh

count_for_soft_mode_msg:

clr A

movc A, @A+DPTR

inc DPTR

acall transmit

djnz R7, count_for_soft_mode_msg

ret

;---------------------------------------------------------

; INIT TIMER ;

;---------------------------------------------------------

init_timer:

clr EA

;------- for timer 0---delay --------

clr ET0

clr TR0

;------- for timer 1---serial port baudrate --------

clr ET1

clr TR1

mov TH1,#FDh

clr one_sec

mov R6, #14h

mov TMOD, #21h

mov TH0, #B7h

mov TL0, #FFh

setb ET0

; clr ET1

setb TR1

setb EA

ret

;===========================================================================

; INIT EXTERNAL INTERRUPT 1 ;

;===========================================================================

init_ext_interrupt1:

setb EX1

setb IT1

setb PX1

clr IE1

ret

;============================================================================

; DECIMAL ADJUST FOR DOWN COUNTER ;

;============================================================================

dec_adjust:

mov R0, A

anl A, #0fh

cjne A, #0fh, dec_adj_not_needed

mov A, R0

subb A, #06h

ret

dec_adj_not_needed:

mov A, R0

ret

;=============================================================================

; This is to shut off the display when the MCU is going to the power down mode

shut_off_disp:

clr C ; Clearing the carry flag

mov R4, #08h ; for clock

clr ENABLE ; enable

clk_lp_shut:

clr CLK

clr C

mov DATAIN, C ; move ctrl byte bit by bit to display controller

setb CLK ; put clock to high

djnz R4, clk_lp_shut ; compare 8 times to put data

setb ENABLE ; clear enable after 8 bits

ret ; return from this subroutine

;=============================================================================

Config_7SLED:

; routine to configure the configuration Register of MC14489B

; data code = C1h : data to be displayed is coded in hexadecimal

; input – none

; output – none

; destroyed – Acc (for example)

clr C ; Clearing the carry flag

mov A, #C1h ; taking the value in C1h to write it in control register

mov R4, #08h ; for clock

clr ENABLE ; enable

clk_lp:

clr CLK

rlc A ; rotate acc thru carry

mov DATAIN, C ; move ctrl byte bit by bit to display controller

setb CLK ; put clock to high

djnz R4, clk_lp ; compare 8 times to put data

setb ENABLE ; clear enable after 8 bits

ret ; return from this subroutine

;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Disp_7SLED:

; routine to display the data in registers R1, R2 & R3 to Bank 1, Bank 3 & Bank 2

; inputs - R1, R2 and R3

; output – none

; destroyed – Acc, R1, R2, R3 (for example)

mov R6, #14h

mov A, #00h ; push R1 value to acc

mov R5, #0ch ; taking 24 to R5

clr ENABLE ; enable

data_lp:

clr CLK

rlc A ; rotate acc with carry

mov DATAIN, C ; put carry in data

setb CLK ; set clock

nop

djnz R5, data_lp; compare 24 times to get 24 bits of data

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; BANK 1 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

mov R5, #04h

mov A, R2

swap A

data_lp1:

clr CLK

rlc A

mov DATAIN, C

setb CLK

nop

djnz R5, data_lp1

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; BANK 2 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

mov R5, #04

data_lp2:

clr CLK

rlc A

mov DATAIN, C

setb CLK

nop

djnz R5, data_lp2

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; BANK 3 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

mov R5, #04

mov A, R3

swap A

data_lp3:

clr CLK

rlc A

mov DATAIN, C

setb CLK

nop

djnz R5, data_lp3

setb ENABLE ; clr enable after 24 bits

ret ; return from this subroutine

;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

;=====================================================================

; OTHER SUB-ROUTINES

;=====================================================================

;=========================================================================

; This is to set the background attributes like color text color and so on

set_background_attr:

mov A, #1Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #5Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #34h ;4

acall transmit

mov A, #30h ;0

acall transmit

mov A, #3Bh ;;

acall transmit

mov A, #34h ;4

acall transmit

mov A, #37h ; 7

acall transmit

mov A, #3Bh ; ;

acall transmit

mov A, #33h ; 3

acall transmit

mov A, #30h ; 0

acall transmit

mov A, #6Dh

acall transmit

ret

;=========================================================================

; This is to change the text color when ever called

change_text_color:

mov A, #1Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #5Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #34h ;4

acall transmit

mov A, #30h ;0

acall transmit

mov A, #3Bh ;;

acall transmit

mov A, #34h ;4

acall transmit

mov A, #37h ; 7

acall transmit

mov A, #3Bh ; ;

acall transmit

mov A, #33h ; 3

acall transmit

mov A, #35h ; 5

acall transmit

mov A, #6Dh

acall transmit

ret

;=========================================================================

; This will underline that part when called. Do avoid continuing with

; the same called unset background details

menu_underline:

mov A, #1Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #5Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #34h

acall transmit

mov A, #6Dh

acall transmit

ret

;=========================================================================

; This is the command to make the displayed text blink.

text_blink_mode:

mov A, #1Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #5Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #35h

acall transmit

mov A, #6Dh

acall transmit

ret

;=========================================================================

; This highlights the text that is put after this call

text_highlight_attr:

mov A, #1Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #5Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #31h

acall transmit

mov A, #6Dh

acall transmit

ret

;=========================================================================

; This is to switch off the highlight attribute off

text_highlight_attr_off:

mov A, #1Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #5Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #30h

acall transmit

mov A, #6Dh

acall transmit

ret

;=========================================================================

; This will clear the recieve buffer, usually called after the buffer

; is read

clear_rxbuf:

mov R1, #rxbuf

mov @R1, #00h

inc R1

mov @R1, #00h

inc R1

mov @R1, #00h

ret

;=========================================================================

; This command will move the cursor position up by one line

move_cur_up:

mov A, #1Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #5Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #41h

acall transmit

ret

;=========================================================================

; This command will move the cursor position down by one line

move_cur_dwn:

mov A, #1Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #5Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #42h

acall transmit

ret

;=========================================================================

; This command will move the cursor position right by one line

move_cur_right:

mov A, #1Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #5Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #43h

acall transmit

ret

;=========================================================================

; This function is used to display the main menu

disp_menu:

acall change_text_color

mov DPTR, #dec_1

mov R7, #45h

acall disp_msg_ht

acall carriage_ret

acall text_blink_mode

mov DPTR, #msg

mov R7, #45h

acall disp_msg_ht

acall carriage_ret

acall text_highlight_attr_off

mov DPTR, #dec_2

mov R7, #45h

acall disp_msg_ht

acall carriage_ret

acall set_background_attr

acall menu_underline

mov DPTR, #menu

mov R7, #04h

acall disp_msg_ht

acall carriage_ret

acall text_highlight_attr_off

acall move_cur_right

mov DPTR, #item_1

mov R7, #1Dh

acall disp_msg_ht

acall carriage_ret

mov DPTR, #arrow

mov R7, #02h

acall disp_msg_ht

mov DPTR, #item_2

mov R7, #1Bh

acall disp_msg_ht

mov A, #0dh

acall transmit

ret

;=========================================================================

; This function is used to display the sub menu

disp_sub_menu:

acall change_text_color

mov DPTR, #dec_1

mov R7, #45h

acall disp_msg_ht

acall carriage_ret

acall text_blink_mode

mov DPTR, #msg

mov R7, #45h

acall disp_msg_ht

acall carriage_ret

acall text_highlight_attr_off

mov DPTR, #dec_2

mov R7, #45h

acall disp_msg_ht

acall carriage_ret

acall set_background_attr

acall menu_underline

mov DPTR, #sub_menu

mov R7, #08h

acall disp_msg_ht

acall carriage_ret

acall text_highlight_attr_off

acall move_cur_right

mov DPTR, #sub_item_1

mov R7, #05h

acall disp_msg_ht

acall carriage_ret

acall move_cur_right

mov DPTR, #sub_item_2

mov R7, #07h

acall disp_msg_ht

acall carriage_ret

acall move_cur_right

mov DPTR, #sub_item_3

mov R7, #12h

acall disp_msg_ht

acall carriage_ret

mov DPTR, #arrow

mov R7, #02h

acall disp_msg_ht

mov DPTR, #sub_item_4

mov R7, #0ch

acall disp_msg_ht

mov A, #0dh

acall transmit

ret

;=========================================================================

; This is used to delete the arrow pointer whenever it need to be

delete_arrow:

mov A, #20h

acall transmit

mov A, #20h

acall transmit

ret

;=========================================================================

; This is the ascii command to give a carriage return a new line

carriage_ret:

mov A, #0dh

acall transmit

mov A, #0ah

acall transmit

ret

;=========================================================================

; This is the ascii command to give a carriage return

carr_ret_al:

mov A, #0dh

acall transmit

ret

;=========================================================================

; This is the VT100 command to clear the page

clear_page:

mov A, #1Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #5Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #32h

acall transmit

mov A, #4Ah

acall transmit

ret

;=========================================================================

; The VT100 command to move the cursor to origin of the page

move_to_origin:

mov A, #1Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #5Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #3Bh

acall transmit

mov A, #48h

acall transmit

ret

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; FOR INTERRUPT SERVICE ROUTINES ;

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;---------------------------------------

; timer ISR

;---------------------------------------

timer_isr:

clr TR0

mov TH0, #4Bh

mov TL0, #FDh

djnz R6, not_one_sec

setb one_sec

not_one_sec:

setb TR0

reti

;---------------------------------------

; serial ISR

;---------------------------------------

serial_isr:

jb RI, rx

reti

rx:

clr RI

mov R1, #rxbuf

cjne @R1, #1Bh, rxning_data

mov A, R1

inc A

mov R1, A

cjne @R1, #5Bh, dec_ptr_fst

ajmp rxn_arr

dec_ptr_fst:

mov A, R1

dec A

mov R1, A

rxn_arr:

mov A, R1

inc A

mov R1, A

clr A

mov A, SBUF

mov @R1, A

normal_pro:

reti

rxning_data:

mov R1, #rxbuf

mov A, SBUF

mov @R1, A

setb data_txn

clr RI

reti

;--------------------------------------------

; EXTERNAL INTERRUPT 1 ;

;--------------------------------------------

ext_interrupt1:

jb ext_intr1_flag, if_ext_intr_already_set

clr IE1

setb ext_intr1_flag

reti

if_ext_intr_already_set:

clr LED_RED

clr ext_intr1_flag

clr IE1

reti

end ; This is the end of the program

;======================================================================================

Space invaders game in 8051 (DS5000 board NTU SCE)

2009-11-06T23:18:00.000-08:00

This implements everything except the movement of aliens here and there.... that is a very small enhancement. I will not be able to put up the code here because it was tooo huge somewhere around 3000 lines. You can check out my youtube video on how this actually works. One thing that is not in the video is, it has implemented power down mode also.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0STKAvKVikM

check this out...

Power management in 8051 [Third assignment code on DS5000 (8051) on NTU SCE board]

2009-11-06T22:54:00.000-08:00

This integrates both 1 and 2 and also includes suspend mode over both the programs. The selection on which counter is based on switch P3.7. Here is the code.

;----------------------------------------------------------------------
; m a i n p r o g r a m
; ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#include ; 8051 SFR and ports are defined here
STACK equ 70h ; Stack pointer starting address(growing upward)
TAR equ 0c7h ; TAR register that is to be written before power-down mode
ENABLE bit P2.0 ; Taking port 2.1 in enable
DATAIN bit P2.2 ; Taking port 2.3 in data
CLK bit P2.1 ; Taking port 2.2 in clock
PB_INT0 bit P3.2 ; push button port
LED_GREEN bit P1.0
LED_RED bit P1.1
UP_DWN_SW bit P3.4
BUT_UP_DWN_SW bit P3.6 ; This is the port to be selected for press button up/down count
CONT_UP_DWN_SW bit P3.7 ; This is the port to be selected for continuous up/down count

bseg
data_txn: dbit 1 ; This is to check whether one second is reached
dwn_counter: dbit 1
one_sec: dbit 1
led_blink_flag: dbit 1
but_up_dwn_mode: dbit 1
cont_up_dwn_mode: dbit 1
one_time_disp_flag: dbit 1

dwn_ctr_flag: dbit 1
up_ctr_flag: dbit 1
ext_intr1_flag: dbit 1

rxbuf equ 00h
end

dseg at 30h ;
   SAVESP: ds 1 ; non-volatile byte for saving stack pointer
end

; ---- Start execution at 0000h after reset/power-up ------------------------

cseg at 0 ; absolute code segment starting at 0000h
   ajmp Start ; reset vector - first instruction is to jump to user program

cseg at 0bh
   ljmp timer_isr

cseg at 13h
   ljmp ext_interrupt1

cseg at 23h
   ljmp serial_isr

; ----- Start of user program --------------------------------------------

cseg at 0030h ; absolute code segment starting at 0030h
msg: db "CURRENT COUNT IS: "
stop_md_msg: db "In Suspend Mode"

Start:
; This part is for power management
   mov a, PCON
   anl a, #40h
   cjne a, #40h, its_power_on_rst
   ;jz its_power_on_rst
; clr LED_RED
; clr LED_GREEN

   mov SP, SAVESP
   pop PSW
   mov acc, #00h
   pop acc
   mov R2, acc
   mov acc, #00h
   pop acc
   mov R1, acc
; pop acc
   pop P1
   mov TAR, #aah
   mov TAR, #55h
   anl PCON, #00h
   ;mov A, R3

; pop R2
; pop R1
; pop P1
   ajmp for_rst_button

its_power_on_rst:
   mov SP,#STACK ; set up the stack pointer – needed for calling subroutine
   mov R1,#00h ; E.g. Display on Bank 1
   mov R2,#00h ; E.g. Display on Bank 2
   mov R3,#00h ; E.g. Display on Bank 3
   clr LED_RED
   clr LED_GREEN
   ;for down count
for_rst_button:
   acall Config_7SLED ; call the routine to configure the Configuration Register
   ACALL init_timer ; Initialize timer
   acall init_serial ; Initialize serial port
   acall init_ext_interrupt1
   setb TR0

   setb UP_DWN_SW
   ;clr LED_GREEN
   clr dwn_counter
   clr led_blink_flag
; clr LED_RED
; clr LED_GREEN
   clr one_time_disp_flag
   clr up_ctr_flag
   clr dwn_ctr_flag

; acall disp_msg_ht

loop: ; display data onto the LEDs
acall clear_hyp_screen
;acall disp_msg_ht
;acall txn_data

;--------- to detect botton press ------------
F1:
jb ext_intr1_flag, going_to_power_dwn_mode
;no_intr_cont_with_prog:
   ; clear the flag whenever it enters the loop.
   clr but_up_dwn_mode
   clr cont_up_dwn_mode

   jb BUT_UP_DWN_SW, check_next
   jnb CONT_UP_DWN_SW, F1
   setb but_up_dwn_mode
   clr cont_up_dwn_mode
jump_without_dec:
   clr LED_GREEN
   acall Disp_7SLED
   acall disp_msg_ht
   acall txn_data
   clr C

check_for_cont_sw_simul:

; setb one_time_disp_flag
   setb LED_GREEN
   jnb CONT_UP_DWN_SW, F1
   jb PB_INT0, check_for_cont_sw_simul
   jnb PB_INT0, $
; clr LED_GREEN
   clr LED_RED

   ajmp check_up_or_dwn
check_next: ; next condition that is the one which checks for cont switch
; setb LED_GREEN
   jb CONT_UP_DWN_SW, F1
   jnb BUT_UP_DWN_SW, F1
; clr one_time_disp_flag
   clr but_up_dwn_mode
   setb cont_up_dwn_mode

   clr one_sec
   acall Disp_7SLED
   acall disp_msg_ht
   acall txn_data
   clr C
clr LED_GREEN
led_blink_counter:
   jnb led_blink_flag, set_timer_again

   cjne R6, #05h, chk_nxt_1
   setb LED_RED
chk_nxt_1:
   cjne R6, #0ah, chk_nxt_2
   clr LED_RED
; setb LED_GREEN
chk_nxt_2:
   cjne R6, #0fh, chk_nxt_3
   setb LED_RED
chk_nxt_3:
   cjne R6, #14h, set_timer_again
   clr LED_RED
; clr LED_GREEN
set_timer_again:
   orl PCON, #01h
   jnb one_sec, led_blink_counter

jnb ext_intr1_flag, no_intr_cont_with_prog
going_to_power_dwn_mode:
clr ext_intr1_flag
acall clear_hyp_screen
acall disp_stop_mode_msg
push P1
;push acc
mov acc, #00h
mov acc, R1
push acc
mov acc, #00h
mov acc, R2
push acc
push PSW
mov SAVESP, SP
clr LED_GREEN
clr LED_RED
acall shut_off_disp

mov TAR, #aah
mov TAR, #55h
orl PCON, #42h

no_intr_cont_with_prog:
check_up_or_dwn: ; this check is to decide whether it is up or down counter
   jnb UP_DWN_SW, up_counter
   jb UP_DWN_SW, down_counter

   mov C, UP_DWN_SW
   jc down_counter

;---------------------------------------------------------------
; UP COUNTER ;
;---------------------------------------------------------------
up_counter:
   clr up_ctr_flag
   clr dwn_ctr_flag
   cjne R1, #01h, carry_reg_not_set
   setb LED_RED
; clr LED_GREEN
   clr led_blink_flag
   ajmp F1
carry_reg_not_set:
   setb led_blink_flag
   clr C
   mov A, R2
   inc A
   da A
   jnc if_no_carry
   mov R1, #01h
   clr C
   mov A, #00h
   mov R2, A
   ajmp F1
if_no_carry:
   mov R2, A
   ajmp F1


;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
; DOWN COUNTER ;
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
down_counter:
   clr up_ctr_flag
   clr dwn_ctr_flag
   setb dwn_counter
;---- to check whether it is in 000
   cjne R2, #00h, here
chk_nex_reg: cjne R1, #00h, here
; clr LED_GREEN
   setb LED_RED
   clr led_blink_flag
   ajmp F1
;------

here:
here1:
   setb led_blink_flag
   cjne R1, #01h, chk_for_ovfl
   mov R1, #00h
   mov R2, #99h
   ajmp F1
chk_for_ovfl:
   clr C
   mov A, R2
   dec A
   acall dec_adjust
   mov R2, A
   ajmp F1
ajmp loop

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; THIS PART CONTAINS ALL THE SUB-ROUTINES ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;---------------------------------------------------------
; INIT SERIAL PORT ;
;---------------------------------------------------------
init_serial:
   clr ES
   mov SCON,#70h

   ;set up SMOD and timer 1 for baud rate generation
   clr data_txn
   anl PCON,#7fh
   mov IE, #10010010B
   setb ES
ret

;------- serial port transmit data ---------
txn_data:
   ;cjne R1, #01h, not_reached_hun
   ;mov A, R1
not_reached_hun:
   mov A, R1
   acall cal_ascii_offset
   acall transmit
   mov A, R2
   anl A, #f0h
   swap A
   acall cal_ascii_offset
   acall transmit
   mov A, R2
   anl A, #0fh
   acall cal_ascii_offset
   acall transmit
   acall carr_return
ret

transmit:
   clr TI
   mov SBUF, a
   jnb TI, $+0
   clr TI
ret

cal_ascii_offset:
   add A, #30h
ret

carr_return:
; mov A, #08h
; acall transmit
   mov A, #0dh
; acall transmit
   acall transmit
ret

disp_msg_ht:
   mov DPTR, #msg
   mov R7, #12h
count_for_disp_msg:
   clr A
   movc A, @A+DPTR
   inc DPTR
   acall transmit
   djnz R7, count_for_disp_msg
ret

clear_hyp_screen:
   mov A, #1Bh
   acall transmit
   mov A, #5Bh
   acall transmit
   mov A, #32h
   acall transmit
   mov A, #4Ah
   acall transmit
ret

disp_stop_mode_msg:
; clr A
   mov DPTR, #stop_md_msg
   mov R7, #0Fh
count_for_soft_mode_msg:
   clr A
   movc A, @A+DPTR
   inc DPTR
   acall transmit
   djnz R7, count_for_soft_mode_msg
ret

;---------------------------------------------------------
; INIT TIMER ;
;---------------------------------------------------------
init_timer:
   clr EA
;------- for timer 0---delay --------
   clr ET0
   clr TR0
;------- for timer 1---serial port baudrate --------
   clr ET1
   clr TR1
   mov TH1,#FDh
   clr one_sec
   mov R6, #14h
   mov TMOD, #21h
   mov TH0, #B7h
   mov TL0, #FFh
   setb ET0
; clr ET1
   setb TR1
   setb EA
ret

;===========================================================================
; INIT EXTERNAL INTERRUPT 1 ;
;===========================================================================
init_ext_interrupt1:
   setb EX1
   setb IT1
   setb PX1
   clr IE1
ret


;============================================================================
; DECIMAL ADJUST FOR DOWN COUNTER ;
;============================================================================
dec_adjust:
   mov R0, A
   anl A, #0fh
   cjne A, #0fh, dec_adj_not_needed
   mov A, R0
   subb A, #06h
   ret
dec_adj_not_needed:
   mov A, R0
   ret

;=============================================================================
; This is to shut off the display when the MCU is going to the power down mode
shut_off_disp:
   clr C ; Clearing the carry flag
; mov A, #00h ; taking the value in C1h to write it in control register
   mov R4, #08h ; for clock
   clr ENABLE ; enable
clk_lp_shut:
   clr CLK
; rlc A ; rotate acc thru carry
   clr C
   mov DATAIN, C ; move ctrl byte bit by bit to display controller
   setb CLK ; put clock to high
   djnz R4, clk_lp_shut ; compare 8 times to put data
   setb ENABLE ; clear enable after 8 bits
   ret ; return from this subroutine

;=============================================================================
Config_7SLED:
; routine to configure the configuration Register of MC14489B
; data code = C1h : data to be displayed is coded in hexadecimal
; input – none
; output – none
; destroyed – Acc (for example)
   clr C ; Clearing the carry flag
   mov A, #C1h ; taking the value in C1h to write it in control register
   mov R4, #08h ; for clock
   clr ENABLE ; enable
clk_lp:
   clr CLK
   rlc A ; rotate acc thru carry
   mov DATAIN, C ; move ctrl byte bit by bit to display controller
   setb CLK ; put clock to high
   djnz R4, clk_lp ; compare 8 times to put data
   setb ENABLE ; clear enable after 8 bits
   ret ; return from this subroutine

;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Disp_7SLED:
; routine to display the data in registers R1, R2 & R3 to Bank 1, Bank 3 & Bank 2
; inputs - R1, R2 and R3
; output – none
; destroyed – Acc, R1, R2, R3 (for example)

   mov R6, #14h
   mov A, #00h ; push R1 value to acc
   mov R5, #0ch ; taking 24 to R5
   clr ENABLE ; enable

data_lp:
   clr CLK
   rlc A ; rotate acc with carry
   mov DATAIN, C ; put carry in data
   setb CLK ; set clock
   nop
   nop
   nop
   djnz R5, data_lp; compare 24 times to get 24 bits of data

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; BANK 1 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
   mov R5, #04h
   mov A, R2
   swap A
data_lp1:
   clr CLK
   rlc A
   mov DATAIN, C
   setb CLK
   nop
   nop
   nop
   djnz R5, data_lp1

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; BANK 2 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
   mov R5, #04
data_lp2:
   clr CLK
   rlc A
   mov DATAIN, C
   setb CLK
   nop
   nop
   nop
   djnz R5, data_lp2

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; BANK 3 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
   mov R5, #04
   mov A, R1
   swap A
data_lp3:
   clr CLK
   rlc A
   mov DATAIN, C
   setb CLK
   nop
   nop
   nop
   djnz R5, data_lp3
   setb ENABLE ; clr enable after 24 bits
ret ; return from this subroutine

;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; FOR INTERRUPT SERVICE ROUTINES ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;---------------------------------------
; timer ISR
;---------------------------------------
timer_isr:
   clr TR0
   mov TH0, #4Bh
   mov TL0, #FDh
   djnz R6, not_one_sec
   setb one_sec
not_one_sec:
   setb TR0

reti

;---------------------------------------
; serial ISR
;---------------------------------------
serial_isr:
; acall delay
   jb RI, rx
   reti

rx:
; clr LED_GREEN
   mov a, SBUF
   mov R3, a
   setb data_txn
   clr RI
   reti

;--------------------------------------------
; EXTERNAL INTERRUPT 1 ;
;--------------------------------------------
ext_interrupt1:
   jb ext_intr1_flag, if_ext_intr_already_set
   clr IE1
   setb ext_intr1_flag
reti

if_ext_intr_already_set:
   clr LED_RED
   clr ext_intr1_flag
   clr IE1
reti
end ;End of Program code

Timer up/down counter in 8051 [Second assignment on DS5000 (8051) NTU SCE board]

2009-11-06T22:51:00.000-08:00

The second one is the timer code where for every one second the counter increments, the rest of the conditions are same as the SPI counter in the previous post.

;----------------------------------------------------------------------

; SPI.asm

; Driver for the DS5000 to display data on the three 7-Segments LEDs

;----------------------------------------------------------------------

; m a i n p r o g r a m

; ----------------------------------------------------------------------

#include ; 8051 SFR and ports are defined here

STACK equ 70h ; Stack pointer starting address(growing upward)

ENABLE bit P2.0 ; Taking port 2.1 in enable

DATAIN bit P2.2 ; Taking port 2.3 in data

CLK bit P2.1 ; Taking port 2.2 in clock

PB_INT0 bit P3.2 ; push button port

LED_GREEN bit P1.0

LED_RED bit P1.1

UP_DWN_SW bit P3.4

bseg

data_txn: dbit 1 ; This is to check whether one second is reached

dwn_counter: dbit 1

one_sec: dbit 1

led_blink_flag: dbit 1

dwn_ctr_flag: dbit 1

up_ctr_flag: dbit 1

rxbuf equ 00h

end

; ---- Start execution at 0000h after reset/power-up ------------------------

cseg at 0 ; absolute code segment starting at 0000h

ajmp Start ; reset vector - first instruction is to jump to user program

cseg at 0bh

ljmp timer_isr

cseg at 23h

ljmp serial_isr

;cseg at 03h

; ljmp ext_interrupt0

; ----- Start of user program --------------------------------------------

cseg at 0030h ; absolute code segment starting at 0030h

msg: db "CURRENT COUNT IS: "

Start: mov SP,#STACK ; set up the stack pointer – needed for calling subroutine

acall Config_7SLED ; call the routine to configure the Configuration Register

ACALL init_timer ; Initialize timer

acall init_serial ; Initialize serial port

; acall init_ext_interrupt0 ; call routine to initialize external interrupt

setb TR0

mov R1,#00h ; E.g. Display on Bank 1

mov R2,#00h ; E.g. Display on Bank 2

mov R3,#00h ; E.g. Display on Bank 3

;for down count

setb UP_DWN_SW

;clr LED_GREEN

clr dwn_counter

clr led_blink_flag

clr LED_RED

clr LED_GREEN

setb UP_DWN_SW

acall clear_page

; acall disp_msg_ht

loop: ; display data onto the LEDs

;--------- to detect botton press ------------

F1: clr one_sec

acall Disp_7SLED

acall disp_msg_ht

acall txn_data

led_blink_counter:

jnb led_blink_flag, set_timer_again

cjne R6, #05h, chk_nxt_1

setb LED_RED

chk_nxt_1:

cjne R6, #0ah, chk_nxt_2

clr LED_RED

setb LED_GREEN

chk_nxt_2:

cjne R6, #0fh, chk_nxt_3

setb LED_RED

chk_nxt_3:

cjne R6, #14h, set_timer_again

clr LED_RED

clr LED_GREEN

set_timer_again:

orl PCON, #01h

jnb one_sec, led_blink_counter

mov C, UP_DWN_SW

jc down_counter

;---------------------------------------------------------------

; UP COUNTER ;

;---------------------------------------------------------------

up_counter:

clr up_ctr_flag

clr dwn_ctr_flag

cjne R1, #01h, carry_reg_not_set

clr LED_RED

clr led_blink_flag

ajmp F1

carry_reg_not_set:

setb led_blink_flag

clr C

mov A, R2

inc A

da A

jnc if_no_carry

mov R1, #01h

clr C

mov A, #00h

mov R2, A

ajmp F1

if_no_carry:

mov R2, A

ajmp F1

;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

; DOWN COUNTER ;

;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

down_counter:

clr up_ctr_flag

clr dwn_ctr_flag

setb dwn_counter

;---- to check whether it is in 000

cjne R2, #00h, here

chk_nex_reg: cjne R1, #00h, here

clr LED_RED

clr led_blink_flag

ajmp F1

;------

here:

here1:

setb led_blink_flag

cjne R1, #01h, chk_for_ovfl

mov R1, #00h

mov R2, #99h

ajmp F1

chk_for_ovfl:

clr C

mov A, R2

dec A

acall dec_adjust

mov R2, A

ajmp F1

ajmp loop

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; THIS PART CONTAINS ALL THE SUB-ROUTINES ;

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;---------------------------------------------------------

; INIT SERIAL PORT ;

;---------------------------------------------------------

init_serial:

clr ES

mov SCON,#70h

;set up SMOD and timer 1 for baud rate generation

clr data_txn

anl PCON,#7fh

mov IE, #10010010B

setb ES

ret

;------- serial port transmit data ---------

txn_data:

;cjne R1, #01h, not_reached_hun

;mov A, R1

not_reached_hun:

mov A, R1

acall cal_ascii_offset

acall transmit

mov A, R2

anl A, #f0h

swap A

acall cal_ascii_offset

acall transmit

mov A, R2

anl A, #0fh

acall cal_ascii_offset

acall transmit

acall carr_return

ret

transmit:

clr TI

mov SBUF, a

jnb TI, $+0

clr TI

ret

cal_ascii_offset:

add A, #30h

ret

carr_return:

; mov A, #08h

; acall transmit

mov A, #0dh

; acall transmit

acall transmit

ret

disp_msg_ht:

mov DPTR, #msg

mov R7, #12h

count_for_disp_msg:

clr A

movc A, @A+DPTR

inc DPTR

acall transmit

djnz R7, count_for_disp_msg

ret

clear_page:

mov A, #0Ch

acall transmit

ret

;---------------------------------------------------------

; INIT TIMER ;

;---------------------------------------------------------

init_timer:

clr EA

;------- for timer 0---delay --------

clr ET0

clr TR0

;------- for timer 1---serial port baudrate --------

clr ET1

clr TR1

mov TH1,#FDh

clr one_sec

mov R6, #14h

mov TMOD, #21h

mov TH0, #B7h

mov TL0, #FFh

setb ET0

; clr ET1

setb TR1

setb EA

ret

;=============================================================================

; EXTERNAL INTERRUPT ;

;=============================================================================

init_ext_interrupt0:

setb EX0

setb IT0

clr PX0

clr IE0

setb EA

ret

;============================================================================

; DECIMAL ADJUST FOR DOWN COUNTER ;

;============================================================================

dec_adjust:

mov R0, A

anl A, #0fh

cjne A, #0fh, dec_adj_not_needed

mov A, R0

subb A, #06h

ret

dec_adj_not_needed:

mov A, R0

ret

;=============================================================================

Config_7SLED:

; routine to configure the configuration Register of MC14489B

; data code = C1h : data to be displayed is coded in hexadecimal

; input – none

; output – none

; destroyed – Acc (for example)

clr C ; Clearing the carry flag

mov A, #C1h ; taking the value in C1h to write it in control register

mov R4, #08h ; for clock

clr ENABLE ; enable

clk_lp:

clr CLK

rlc A ; rotate acc thru carry

mov DATAIN, C ; move ctrl byte bit by bit to display controller

setb CLK ; put clock to high

djnz R4, clk_lp ; compare 8 times to put data

setb ENABLE ; clear enable after 8 bits

ret ; return from this subroutine

;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Disp_7SLED:

; routine to display the data in registers R1, R2 & R3 to Bank 1, Bank 3 & Bank 2

; inputs - R1, R2 and R3

; output – none

; destroyed – Acc, R1, R2, R3 (for example)

mov R6, #14h

mov A, #00h ; push R1 value to acc

mov R5, #0ch ; taking 24 to R5

clr ENABLE ; enable

data_lp:

clr CLK

rlc A ; rotate acc with carry

mov DATAIN, C ; put carry in data

setb CLK ; set clock

nop

djnz R5, data_lp; compare 24 times to get 24 bits of data

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; BANK 1 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

mov R5, #04h

mov A, R2

swap A

data_lp1:

clr CLK

rlc A

mov DATAIN, C

setb CLK

nop

djnz R5, data_lp1

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; BANK 2 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

mov R5, #04

data_lp2:

clr CLK

rlc A

mov DATAIN, C

setb CLK

nop

djnz R5, data_lp2

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; BANK 3 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

mov R5, #04

mov A, R1

swap A

data_lp3:

clr CLK

rlc A

mov DATAIN, C

setb CLK

nop

djnz R5, data_lp3

setb ENABLE ; clr enable after 24 bits

ret ; return from this subroutine

;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; FOR INTERRUPT SERVICE ROUTINES ;

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;---------------------------------------

; timer ISR

;---------------------------------------

timer_isr:

clr TR0

mov TH0, #4Bh

mov TL0, #FDh

djnz R6, not_one_sec

setb one_sec

not_one_sec:

setb TR0

reti

;---------------------------------------

; serial ISR

;---------------------------------------

serial_isr:

; acall delay

jb RI, rx

reti

rx:

mov a, SBUF

mov R3, a

setb data_txn

clr RI

reti

end ;End of Program code

SPI up/down counter [First assignment on DS5000 (8051) board from NTU SCE]

2009-11-06T22:49:00.000-08:00

My first assignment was just to increment and decrement the count. count goes from 000 - 100. At 000 and 100 RED LED will glow showing the boundaries. within this boundary RED LED will be in off state. The up/down is selected from the DIP switch.

This program works in IDLE mode and draws a current of less than 5mA.

It was done and compiled in Reads51 IDE and the tool chain it provided.

Happy coding.

;----------------------------------------------------------------------

; m a i n p r o g r a m

; ----------------------------------------------------------------------

#include ; 8051 SFR and ports are defined here

STACK equ 70h ; Stack pointer starting address(growing upward)

ENABLE bit P2.0 ; Taking port 2.1 in enable

DATAIN bit P2.2 ; Taking port 2.3 in data

CLK bit P2.1 ; Taking port 2.2 in clock

PB_INT0 bit P3.2 ; push button port

LED_GREEN bit P1.0

LED_RED bit P1.1

UP_DWN_SW bit P3.4

bseg

data_txn: dbit 1 ; This is to check whether one second is reached

dwn_counter: dbit 1

dwn_ctr_flag: dbit 1

up_ctr_flag: dbit 1

rxbuf equ 00h

end

; ---- Start execution at 0000h after reset/power-up ------------------------

cseg at 0 ; absolute code segment starting at 0000h

ajmp Start ; reset vector - first instruction is to jump to user program

cseg at 03h

ljmp ext_interrupt0

; ----- Start of user program --------------------------------------------

cseg at 0030h ; absolute code segment starting at 0030h

Start: mov SP,#STACK ; set up the stack pointer – needed for calling subroutine

acall Config_7SLED ; call the routine to configure the Configuration Register

acall init_ext_interrupt0 ; call routine to initialize external interrupt

mov R1,#00h ; E.g. Display on Bank 1

mov R2,#00h ; E.g. Display on Bank 2

mov R3,#00h ; E.g. Display on Bank 3

;for down count

setb UP_DWN_SW

clr LED_GREEN

clr dwn_counter

clr dwn_ctr_flag

clr up_ctr_flag

setb LED_RED

setb UP_DWN_SW

loop: ; display data onto the LEDs

;--------- to detect botton press ------------

F1:

acall Disp_7SLED

; acall delay

; clr C

; jb PB_INT0, $

; jnb PB_INT0, $

; mov C, UP_DWN_SW

orl PCON, #01h

jb dwn_ctr_flag, down_counter

jb up_ctr_flag, up_counter

clr up_ctr_flag

clr dwn_ctr_flag

ajmp F1

clr dwn_ctr_flag

clr LED_RED

;--------------- counting logic ---------------

;---------------------------------------------------------------

; UP COUNTER ;

;---------------------------------------------------------------

up_counter:

clr up_ctr_flag

clr dwn_ctr_flag

cjne R1, #01h, carry_reg_not_set

setb LED_RED

ajmp F1

carry_reg_not_set:

clr C

clr LED_RED

mov A, R2

inc A

da A

jnc if_no_carry

mov R1, #01h

clr C

mov A, #00h

mov R2, A

setb LED_RED

ajmp F1

if_no_carry:

mov R2, A

ajmp F1

;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

; DOWN COUNTER ;

;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

down_counter:

clr dwn_ctr_flag

clr up_ctr_flag

setb dwn_counter

;---- to check whether it is in 000

cjne R2, #00h, here

chk_nex_reg: cjne R1, #00h, here

setb LED_RED

ajmp F1

;------

here:

here1:

cjne R1, #01h, chk_for_ovfl

mov R1, #00h

mov R2, #99h

ajmp F1

chk_for_ovfl:

clr LED_RED

clr C

mov A, R2

dec A

acall dec_adjust

mov R2, A

ajmp F1

ajmp loop

;============================================================================

; DECIMAL ADJUST FOR DOWN COUNTER ;

;============================================================================

dec_adjust:

mov R0, A

anl A, #0fh

cjne A, #0fh, dec_adj_not_needed

mov A, R0

subb A, #06h

ret

dec_adj_not_needed:

mov A, R0

ret

;=============================================================================

; EXTERNAL INTERRUPT ;

;=============================================================================

init_ext_interrupt0:

setb EX0

setb IT0

clr PX0

clr IE0

setb EA

ret

;=============================================================================

Config_7SLED:

; routine to configure the configuration Register of MC14489B

; data code = C1h : data to be displayed is coded in hexadecimal

; input – none

; output – none

; destroyed – Acc (for example)

clr C ; Clearing the carry flag

mov A, #C1h ; taking the value in C1h to write it in control register

mov R4, #08h ; for clock

clr ENABLE ; enable

clk_lp:

clr CLK

rlc A ; rotate acc thru carry

mov DATAIN, C ; move ctrl byte bit by bit to display controller

setb CLK ; put clock to high

djnz R4, clk_lp ; compare 8 times to put data

setb ENABLE ; clear enable after 8 bits

ret ; return from this subroutine

;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Disp_7SLED:

; routine to display the data in registers R1, R2 & R3 to Bank 1, Bank 3 & Bank 2

; inputs - R1, R2 and R3

; output – none

; destroyed – Acc, R1, R2, R3 (for example)

mov A, #00h ; push R1 value to acc

mov R5, #0ch ; taking 24 to R5

clr ENABLE ; enable

data_lp:

clr CLK

rlc A ; rotate acc with carry

mov DATAIN, C ; put carry in data

setb CLK ; set clock

nop

djnz R5, data_lp; compare 24 times to get 24 bits of data

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; BANK 1 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

mov R5, #04h

mov A, R2

swap A

data_lp1:

clr CLK

rlc A

mov DATAIN, C

setb CLK

nop

djnz R5, data_lp1

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; BANK 2 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

mov R5, #04

; mov A, R2

; swap A

data_lp2:

clr CLK

rlc A

mov DATAIN, C

setb CLK

nop

djnz R5, data_lp2

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; BANK 3 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

mov R5, #04

mov A, R1

swap A

data_lp3:

clr CLK

rlc A

mov DATAIN, C

setb CLK

nop

djnz R5, data_lp3

setb ENABLE ; clr enable after 24 bits

;------------ to toggle LED for a moment ------------

setb LED_GREEN

acall delay

clr LED_GREEN

ret ; return from this subroutine

;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

;====================================================================

; This is the delay routine used to toggle LED

delay:

mov R7, #ffh

L2: mov R6, #ffh

L1: djnz R6, L1

djnz R7, L2

ret

;========================================================================

; EXTERNAL INTERRUPT 0 ;

;========================================================================

ext_interrupt0:

clr IE0

clr C

;jb PB_INT0, $

;jnb PB_INT0, $

mov C, UP_DWN_SW

jc dwn_ctr_en

clr dwn_ctr_flag

setb up_ctr_flag

reti

dwn_ctr_en:

setb dwn_ctr_flag

clr up_ctr_flag

;jc down_counter

reti

end ;End of Program code

Disappointment with the assessment results..!

2009-11-06T22:42:00.000-08:00

Today is a day I want to forget forever. The day I started working with 8051 and the DS5000 board form NTU SCE I was totally taken away by all the work that a simple micro controller can do. I started implementing all my assignments on by one spending nights, there were days when I haven't slept at all. I was totally crazy and wanted to master this one before moving to other advanced controllers next semester. Today was the judgement day. I was devastated, despised, distressed and what not. My staff gave me marks which I never imagined even it my worst dream. All my struggle and nights work came crumbling down. So I thought of releasing the source code. I can do all the improvements that he asked me to do, nothing difficult in that. But since I dont have the DS5000 board with me now, I am putting up the code here... anyone who wants it can download it, learn from it, and make few enhancements on this to make it work perfectly as required. But I really don't what gave me such a keen interest in this simple assignment. I was so interested and taken away that I was not interested in any other subject as I was in this one. Nothing in life is worth such a great concern, so who ever needs this code, do not spent your entire time on the things that you are interested alone. Try to make all subjects as equal when you are in a university like NTU. I thought masters is something where you gain a command over everyone else in one subject that you really are interested but that is not the case in NTU. Check for my following posts for the code one-by-one. If possible I will put up my space invader game video on youtube.

Two problems in ubuntu 9.04 release...!

2009-10-25T08:51:00.001-07:00

In my latest Ubuntu 9.04 installation I tried installing it with the option "keep vista and ubuntu side-by-side". But after installing ubuntu I realized it was installed without partitioning even a small amount of extra space other than that required for the typical OS installation. I was not able to install even my nvidia graphics driver over that... it said no space available. So I had to go to windows create a new partition and then install again in this new partition and do everything all the way from the first... Ubuntu developers actually tried to make the installation simple even thou and additional OS is already installed but it ended up as a total failure... It would really be good if it asks for the partition as in Red Hat installation. To make matter worse it also overwrote my windows bootloader with grub... it would have been better it by default it can just override the win bootloader rather than overwriting it with grub.... these are two thing I found that caused real problem in Ubuntu 9.04 release installation... If any Ubuntu developer comes across this you can just write a patch to correct this... this will help a lot of ubuntu newbies like me...!

How to get "Atheros AR8131" working in ubuntu 9.04

2009-10-02T02:43:00.000-07:00

I happened to face this problem with my newly installed ubuntu 9.04 on acer 4736G. I thought many of you may have the same problem, so thought of writing down a step-by-step approach for this... Acer actually had a next generation network card Aetheros AR8131 PCI-E gigabit ethernet controller. The first problem for me was to find the driver in internet.

step 1: Download the driver from your windows or you can copy in to ubuntu via thumbdrive, from the aetheros website or some other linux forums. One such download link is here: http://www.chipdrivers.com/chipset/network-adapter/atheros/ar8131/linux/

or http://www.chipdrivers.com/download-get/785/191/36/

one among this should work... you agree to the terms and conditions and start downloading.

step 2: Untar/unzip archive:

tar xvf arl1e-x.x.x.x.tar.gz

Step 3: Change to the driver src directory to the directory where you have untarred the file.

e.g. cd arl1e-x.x.x.x/src/

Step 4: Compile the driver module: make install

The binary will be installed as:

/lib/modules//kernel/drivers/net/arl1e.ko

Step 5: Insert the module in the kernel:

e.g. insmod arl1e.ko

That will have you network card working in ubuntu 9.04. You can also see the Readme file for a good installation guide.

My new website hosted on NTU server

2009-10-02T02:21:00.000-07:00

When I was searching for "how to create web page" in google... it gave some weird links like WYSWYG... it looked so funny some kind of unrelated stuff.. I thought until very late I realized it is nothing but What You See is What You Get, the principle over which many web designing s/w's are designed... Accidentally I slipped into one such software called MS publisher... I think it is designed for beginners of web designing like me... for experienced ppl this one will be a mere waste of money, but for me it was an amazing piece of s/w... Thanks to microsoft... however strong open source community may be MS stands distinct with these kind of easy-to-use s/ws... (I tried out seamonkey too, a open source web designing s/w from mozilla, it was no where near publisher). It took just a day for me to design my entire website and publish it with that... though it doesn't look so great a mere static web page by design, but I am fully satiafied with what I have done... too much for a beginner of web designing...

here is the link for my first web-site.. take a look at it...

www3.ntu.edu.sg/home2009/asho0003

Hurray... got the output

2009-10-01T11:53:00.000-07:00

So finally after a days struggle I found that getting the perspective view is nothing but turning the object around and the camera position. So finally done exactly with what was given to me to do. here is the code and final output image.

#include "colors.inc"

#include "textures.inc"

* Here we fix the camera position

camera {

location <-5, 10, -15>

direction <0,>

right x*1.33

look_at <0,0,0>

}

/* here the first component is for the x-axis rotation

* The third component is for y-axis rotation

* The middle component gives the brightness of light

light_source {<> color White

}

* Here we declare the checker variable

* We create a box with 0 height to make it a sqaure

* In the pigment we give the checker pattern with color

* specified as black and white.

* Then we rotate it to get it to the center of the axis

#declare mychecker =

box { <-3.75,0,-3.75>,<3.75,0,3.75>

pigment { checker rgb <0,0,0>, rgb <1,1,1>}// scale 0.3 }

rotate -y*(-18)

}

* Here we declare the stick that is to be kept above the checker

* Parameters for all the six sides are given

* The pigment gives the color to be painted on the cube

#declare stick=

box {<0,0,0>,<0.1,2.5,0.1> pigment {rgb<1,1,0>}

translate <1.10,>

}

* This union will give all the shapes that should be displayed

union {

object {mychecker}

object {stick}

}

To add to this happiness today I got the idle mode and power down mode in the 8051 code working for the up_down counter program I had written already. I will put up the code as soon as my assignments get over. Got to do a few more in that A menu driven program and a space invaders game.... hope I will be completing it soon....

After hours of struggle its done...

2009-09-29T12:42:00.000-07:00

Last time when I met my project prof. he asked me to start with the construction of the compound eye image with POV-ray. Since I was a novice to POV-ray, he gave me a task to be done using that(A checker board with a stick standing vertically on it). After struggling for an entire week finally I got the output today. Here is the code. I made sure that I inserted as many comments as possible because, next time when I see this code I may find it difficult to understand. It will be very simple for those who know POV-ray, but for me this was an accomplishment. hurray.....

/***********************************************************************************

* CODE TO CONSTRUCT A CHECKER BOARD WITH A STICK ON IT *

***********************************************************************************/

#include "colors.inc"

#include "textures.inc"

* Here we fix the camera position

camera {

location <-5, 10, -15>

direction <0,>

right x*1.33

look_at <0,0,0>

}

/* here the first component is for the x-axis rotation

* The third component is for y-axis rotation

* The middle component gives the brightness of light

light_source {<> color White

}

* Here we declare the checker variable

* We create a box with 0 height to make it a sqaure

* In the pigment we give the checker pattern with color

* specified as black and white.

* Then we rotate it to get it to the center of the axis

#declare mychecker =

box { <-3.75,0,-3.75>,<3.75,0,3.75>

pigment { checker rgb <0,0,0>, rgb <1,1,1>}// scale 0.3 }

rotate -y*35

}

* Here we declare the stick that is to be kept above the checker

* Parameters for all the six sides are given

* The pigment gives the color to be painted on the cube

#declare stick=

box {<0,0,0>,<0.15,4,0.15> pigment {rgb<1,1,0>}}

* This union will give all the shapes that should be displayed

union {

object {mychecker}

object {stick}

}

How days get wasted...

2009-09-29T10:30:00.000-07:00

Today was one of the most boring day after I came here to Singapore. I was woken up by the unpleasant sound of the fire-alarm. It was already 9:30 AM, but I was fast asleep. They were conducting some fire drill today in Graduate Hall. And then I went for breakfast, the same one, two eggs, one butter sugar toast and a cup of tea. We chatted for around one hour and came back room by 11:30 AM. As usual entered room with high resolutions to complete an entire course today. I would have hardly gone through 20 pages, I fell asleep, got up to have lunch and started off with an e-book but again I slept. Until at 6:00 PM when I got up I never realized that I was sleeping on my laptop :-).... since nothing went wrong with my laptop, it was just a funny incident. Its already evening, I went out to buy some rice and curd in the shensiong super-market nearby. Came back, completed the web-site building assignment from my project prof. and now here I am writing this. Not even half of what I planned to do today really worked out... very bad and very sad.... one more day in the recess week has gone.....

Battered with disappoinments again and again

2009-09-27T13:17:00.000-07:00

After my unsuccessful trial of computer architecture assignment, POV-ray and that web page creation, today I sat with the old 8051 micro-controller assignment. I am sure, I would have been with it for around 5 hours. I started at 11:30 PM and when I started writing this, time was around 4:30 AM. I couldn't even get a bit of improvement from what I left with when I last did that. It really pains a lot when I think of the other two questions, which are to create a game in a bloody 8051 board (I really donno why ppl still hold on to these legacy systems), I have absolutely no clue where to start and how to proceed. I feel like totally lost in a labyrinth. With so many assignments in hand and just 5 more days to go for the deadlines.... WOHHHH I donno how many more sleepless nights I'll have....

My short introduction to POV-ray

2009-09-26T07:32:00.001-07:00

As part of my project yesterday I was introduced to a new software for image rendering. I have to use this, to construct an image that we get from a compound eye lens system. After getting it installed in my lappy, I started off with examples and simple images, I did not even manage to create a square properly. Though I hope in the coming days I will get something out of it. But one thing that was amazing about POV-ray is, it is a very powerful software for image rendering. Open-source often provides alternatives to proprietary s/w but nowhere compared to their performance, but this one was good. If at all anyone is searching for a free image rendering software, this open-source software POV-ray will come handy to you. Though a few options that are available in other proprietary s/w might be missing, this will serve as a efficient alternative to those.

below is the download link for POV-ray:

http://www.povray.org/download/

they have POV-ray 3.6 and POV-ray 3.7 beta version. Those who own a dual core CPU it is better to go for the 3.7 beta one. Check out POV-ray site for other details.

And finally done with computer architecture assignment

2009-09-24T08:49:00.001-07:00

I was waiting for this day when I will complete my Advanced computer architecture assignment. After long hours of struggle I managed to bring out two little improvements to my tinyCPU. Additional Input/output ports and the call/ret instructions. I tried implementing registers and addressing modes till late night, sorry early morning today (4:00 A. M) but ended in vain. I just never wanted to extend it any more, so I submitted it today. And now have to continue with the 8051 assignment in which I have to design a game(Space Invaders). May be once my assessments are over I will release the code. It will be helpful for many who are trying their hands in 8051. I believe "human knowledge is for the world", knowledge you posses should not die with you. Let us pass it on to our future generations.

Tied up to singapore

2009-09-22T21:41:00.000-07:00

Today I signed my service obligation, which says I should stay here and work in some Singapore registered company for the next three years, and they will cut down my tuition fees by half. Though I have an advantage, I somehow felt today that I should not have signed that, but it was too late for that. I couldn't imagine myself married to another country where I cannot enjoy any rights equal to a citizen. And moreover I feel, if anyone ever thinks they should enjoy real freedom, they should be in India, not in a place like Singapore where you have to ask governments permission even to yawn and burp. Nobody will realize this when they are in India, neither did I when I was there. I was told the same thing when I left India (that I will be missing my stay and freedom as I had in India), and I now say this to everyone. Before coming to a foreign nation for studies realize one thing, just because you say that you graduated from NTU or even stanford nobody is going to give you money. If you can make good money where ever you are be happy and enjoy life. At the end everyone strives for money, and if you look around, many reach people did not even graduate. It is all about bringing out your talent and how you can advertise and monetize your ideas. Nobody ever needs or expects to have your talents and ideas certified with degrees at times running even longer than your name. All what you can do with degrees is to go around telling people that I have a Phd, I graduated from NTU, I graduated from stanford and so on, and have a big name board stuck in front of your house will all the degrees you earned throughout your life.

And finally in NTU

2009-09-15T09:42:00.000-07:00

Back again after a long break.....

Hope this is my first post after I resigned from wipro and after I reached singapore.

A lot of changed in between. I had to forgo my plans of taking sabbatical leave since my leave was not approved. I resigned from wipro with a heavy heart (though period in wipro was not that great, itwas my first job, wipro introduced me to the corporate world). It was 25th, July evening, it was very sunny as usual in Trichy... myself, dad, mom and my cousin(Anlee John) started to the airport. I was a very sad but unfortunately showing even a pinch of it outside will agonize my parents. So I had to hide everything. I donno when I will see them again. Flight took off at 9:00 PM reached chennai and then to singapore at 6:30 AM 26th morning. I found no problem in immigration clearance and other baggage stuff. everything went on smooth. The first thing that came to my mind was to call my parents. From there my friend and me took a taxi and reached NTU.... It was a huge campus. Finally, first step in my dream of pursuing masters has come true. I owe all my thanks to my parents. They have made even my stupidest dream come true. And now its my turn, I should do all that I can to make them happy. And all of this would not have been reality without God's help. I remember my school when I missed one of the finest colleges in Tamil Nadu just to stay in home. Now I am here courageous and all alone in a foreign land, miles and miles away from home to pursue my masters. I am tremendously blessed and happy, coz I feel somebody else has brought me to this position, and he is not going to leave me astray.

An update on reco...!

2008-12-09T02:22:00.000-08:00

I was eagerly waiting for reply from my staff to get my reco done. Yesterday I got a mail from him asking me to remind him in next two or three days to draft the reco. I was very happy that day for my first step of getting my thing ready to go for ms is working out. Hope he replies me with the reco draft. Will be back again after getting my reco signed by him.